Reviewed By Dr. Robert Barron, DMD
Reading Time: 3 minutes
A persistent burning sensation in the mouth without visible sores or infection can be difficult to explain. The discomfort may affect the tongue, lips, or entire mouth and often increases as the day progresses. In many cases, these symptoms are associated with burning mouth syndrome.
Table of Contents
What Is Burning Mouth Syndrome?
Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic oral pain condition characterized by a burning, tingling, or scalding sensation in the mouth without an obvious clinical cause. The tongue is most commonly affected, but the lips, gums, palate, or entire mouth may also be involved.
Common symptoms include:
- Burning or stinging sensation
- Dry mouth feeling
- Altered taste such as metallic or bitter taste
- Increased discomfort as the day progresses
- Normal-appearing oral tissues on examination
The pain may be constant or intermittent. In most cases, there are no visible ulcers, infections, or lesions.
What Causes Burning Mouth Syndrome?
Burning mouth syndrome is classified as either primary or secondary. Identifying the category is important because treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome
Primary burning mouth syndrome is neuropathic in origin. The pain is linked to dysfunction in the nerves responsible for sensation and taste, and no underlying medical or dental condition is identified on examination.
Contributing factors may include:
- Abnormal pain signaling in the oral nerves
- Changes in taste nerve pathways
- Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during menopause
Secondary Burning Mouth Syndrome
Secondary burning mouth syndrome occurs when an underlying condition triggers the symptoms. Treating the cause often improves or resolves the burning sensation.
Common causes include:
- Iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiencies
- Dry mouth due to medications or salivary gland dysfunction
- Oral fungal infections
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Acid reflux
- Allergic reactions to dental materials or oral care products
Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome
Treatment depends on whether the condition is primary or secondary. If an underlying condition is identified, treatment focuses on correcting it.
Management may include:
- Replacing vitamin or mineral deficiencies
- Adjusting medications that contribute to dry mouth
- Managing blood sugar levels
- Treating fungal infections
- Managing acid reflux
- Changing oral hygiene products
Improvement often occurs once the contributing factor is controlled.
Managing Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome
When no underlying cause is found, treatment focuses on symptom control.
Options may include:
- Medications that target nerve-related pain
- Topical oral rinses to reduce discomfort
- Saliva substitutes for dry mouth relief
- Stress management strategies
- Cognitive behavioral therapy when appropriate
Response to treatment varies. Some patients experience gradual improvement, while others require ongoing management.
Oral Pathology Evaluation in Vaughan, ON
At Concord Oral Surgery, we perform comprehensive evaluations to rule out oral pathology and identify possible contributing factors.
To schedule an assessment at our oral surgery office in Vaughan, Ontario, call (905) 669-2616 or visit us at 3300 Highway 7 West, Suite 805 Vaughan, ON.
FAQs
Does burning mouth syndrome go away on its own?
In some cases, symptoms gradually improve. Many patients experience persistent discomfort that requires evaluation and management.
Is burning mouth syndrome a sign of oral cancer?
Burning mouth syndrome typically does not cause visible sores or growths. Oral cancer usually presents with a persistent ulcer, lump, or abnormal patch. A clinical exam is necessary to rule out serious conditions.
What is the best toothpaste for burning mouth syndrome?
Patients with burning mouth syndrome often benefit from mild, non-irritating toothpaste that does not contain sodium lauryl sulfate or strong flavoring agents. Products formulated for sensitive mouths may reduce irritation.
What is the best home remedy for burning mouth syndrome?
There is no single home remedy that resolves burning mouth syndrome. Some patients find temporary relief with frequent sips of water, saliva substitutes, avoiding spicy or acidic foods (including citrus fruits or tomato based foods), and using gentle oral care products. Persistent symptoms should be evaluated professionally.
